Cynthia L. Webner – The Heart in Detail

Outline

Understanding Electrical & Mechanical Functions

• Conduction System
• Waveforms
• The NEED TO KNOW Arrhythmias
• Hemodynamic Function
  • Cardiac Output
  • Preload
  • Afterload
  • Contractility
  • Heart Rate
• Normal Heart Sounds
  • S1, S2
• Abnormal Heart Sounds
  • Murmurs: Differentiating Systolic from Diastolic
  • S3/S4 Gallops
• Compensatory Mechanisms
  • Maintaining Cardiac Output & Blood Pressure

Coronary Artery Perfusion

• In Relation to: Cardiac Musculature & Conduction System
• Lead Placement
• 5-Lead Monitoring
• 12-Lead, 15-Lead and Right-sided ECG

Caring for Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

• Differentiating Between Ischemia, Injury & Infarct
• A Systematic Approach for Detection on the ECG
• Pharmacological Therapies
• AHA Guidelines: When to Use & Why
  • Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy
  • Beta Blockers
  • ACE Inhibitors
  • Anticoagulation
  • Statins
  • Mechanism of Action

Heart Failure: Which Organs are Really Affected?

• Neurohormonal Activation
  • Sympathetic Nervous System
  • Renin-Angiotensin System
  • Aldosterone System
• Perfusion & Congestion Assessment
• Differentiating Chronic from Acute HF
• The Importance of Unloading the Heart
• Non-Invasive Diagnostic Evaluation
• Evidence-Based Treatment
• What are the BUN & Creatinine Saying?

Valvular Heart Disease: Why the Left Side

• Contrasting Stenotic Valvular Dysfunction from Insufficiency
• Physical Assessment Clues
• Signs & Symptoms
• Associated Murmurs

Other Cardiac Disease Pathologies

• Pericarditis
  • A Good Imposter of Myocardial Infarction
• Cardiomyopathies
  • Contrasting Dilated from Hypertrophic

Advanced Skills in Assessment & Decision-Making

• Creating a Hemodynamic Profile without a PAC
• Assessing Volume Status
• Jugular Vein Distention
• Importance of Pulse Pressure
• The Value of Heart Sounds